The most commonly used grading system for stainless
steel.
•100 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloys
○Type 101—austenitic that is hardenable through cold working for furniture
○Type 102—austenitic general purpose stainless steel working for furniture
•200 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloys
○Type 201—austenitic that is hardenable through cold working
○Type 202—austenitic general purpose stainless steel
○Type 301—highly ductile, for formed products. Also hardens rapidly during
mechanical working. Good weldability. Better wear resistance and fatigue
strength than 304.
○Type 302—same corrosion resistance as 304, with slightly higher strength due
to additional carbon.
○ Type 303—free machinings ulfur version of 304 via addition of and
phosphorus. Also referred to as "A1" in accordance with ISO 3506.[14]
○ Type 304—the most common grade; the classic 18/8 stainless steel. Also
referred to as "A2" in accordance with ISO 3506.[14]
○Type 304L— same as the 304 grade but contains less carbon to increase
weldability. Is slightly weaker than 304.
○Type 304LN—same as 304L, but also nitrogen is added to obtain a much
higher yield and tensile strength than 304L.
○Type 308—used as the filler metal when welding 304
○ Type 309—better temperature resistance than 304, also sometimes used as
filler metal when welding dissimilar steels, along withincon el.
○ Type 316—the second most common grade (after 304); for food ands urgical
stainless steel uses; alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of
corrosion. It is also known as marine grade stainless steel due to its increased
resistance to chloride corrosion compared to type 304. 316 is often used for
building nuclear reprocessing[14]
plants.
resistance to chloride corrosion compared to type 304. 316 is often used for
building nuclear reprocessing[14]
plants.
○ Type 316L—extra low carbon grade of 316, generally used in stainless steel watches and marine applications due to its high resistance to corrosion. Also referred to as "A4" in accordance with ISO 3506.
○Type 316Ti—includes titanium for heat resistance, therefore it is used in
flexible chimney liners.
○ Type 321—similar to 304 but lower risk of weld decay due to addition of titanium. See also 347 with addition of niobium for desensitization during welding.
• 400 Series—ferritic and martensitic chromium alloys
○Type 405— ferritic for welding applications
○Type 408—heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11% chromium, 8% nickel.
○ Type 409—cheapest type; used for automobile exhausts; ferritic
(iron/chromium only).
○Type 410—martensitic (high-strength iron/chromium). Wear-resistant, but less
corrosion-resistant.
○Type 416—easy to machine due to additional sulfur
○Type 420—Cutlery Grade martensitic; similar to the Brearley's original
rustless steel. Excellent polishability.
○Type 430—decorative, e.g., for automotive trim; ferritic. Good formability, but
with reduced temperature and corrosion resistance.
○Type 439—ferritic grade, a higher grade version of 409 used for catalytic
converter exhaust sections. Increased chromium for improved high
temperature corrosion/oxidation resistance.
○ Type 440—a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon, allowing for
much better edge retention when properly heat-treated. It can be hardened to
aboveRockw ell 55 hardness,[citation needed] making it one of the hardest stainless
steels. Due to its hardness and relatively low cost, most display-only and
replica swords or knives are made of 440 stainless. Available in four grades:
440A, 440B, 440C, and the uncommon 440F (free machinable). 440A, having
the least amount of carbon in it, is the most stain-resistant; 440C, having the
most, is the strongest and is usually considered more desirable in knifemaking
than 440A, except for diving or other salt-water applications.
aboveRockw ell 55 hardness,[citation needed] making it one of the hardest stainless
steels. Due to its hardness and relatively low cost, most display-only and
replica swords or knives are made of 440 stainless. Available in four grades:
440A, 440B, 440C, and the uncommon 440F (free machinable). 440A, having
the least amount of carbon in it, is the most stain-resistant; 440C, having the
most, is the strongest and is usually considered more desirable in knifemaking
than 440A, except for diving or other salt-water applications.
○Type 446—For elevated temperature service
• 500 Series—heat-resisting chromium alloys
• 600 Series—martensitic precipitation hardening alloys
○601 through 604: Martensitic low-alloy steels.
○610 through 613: Martensitic secondary hardening steels.
○614 through 619: Martensitic chromium steels.
○630 through 635: Semiaustenitic and martensitic precipitation-hardening
○614 through 619: Martensitic chromium steels.
○630 through 635: Semiaustenitic and martensitic precipitation-hardening
stainless steels.
Type 630 is most common PH stainless, better known as 17-4; 17%
chromium, 4% nickel.
○650 through 653: Austenitic steels strengthened by hot/cold work.
○660 through 665: Austenitic superalloys; all grades except alloy 661 are
strengthened by second-phase precipitation.
• Type 2205— the most widely used duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel grade. It
has both excellent corrosion resistance and high strength.
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